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Seasonal to decadal variations of sea surface pCO₂ and sea-air CO₂ flux in the equatorial oceans over 1984–2013: A basin-scale comparison of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans

Xiujun Wang^1,2,3, Raghu Murtugudde³, Eric Hackert³, Jing Wang⁴, Jim Beauchamp³

1)    College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China

2)    Joint Center for Global Change Studies, Beijing, China

3) Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, 5825 University Research Ct, College Park, Maryland 20740, USA

4) Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Qindao Rd. South, Qindao 266071, Shandong, China

 

ABSTRACT

The equatorial Pacific and Atlantic Oceans release significant amount of CO₂ each year. Not much attention has been paid to evaluating the similarities and differences between these two basins in terms of temporal variability. Here, we employ a basin scale, fully coupled physical-biogeochemical model to study the spatial and temporal variations in sea surface pCO₂ and air-sea CO₂ flux over the period of 1984-2013 in the equatorial Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The model reproduces the overall spatial and temporal variations in the carbon fields for both basins, including higher values to the south of the equator than to the north, the annual maximum sea surface pCO₂ in boreal spring and the annual peak in sea-to-air CO₂ flux in boreal fall in the upwelling regions. The equatorial Pacific reveals a large interannual variability in sea surface pCO₂, which is associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). As a contrast, there is a strong seasonality but little interannual variability in the carbon fields of the equatorial Atlantic. The former is driven by the variability of dissolved inorganic carbon but the latter by sea surface temperature. Our model estimates an average sea-to-air CO₂ flux of 0.521±0.204 Pg C yr^-1 for the tropical Pacific (18ºS-18ºN, 150ºE-90ºW), which is in good agreement with the observation-based estimate (0.51±0.24 Pg C yr^-1). On average, sea-to-air CO₂ flux is 0.214±0.03 Pg C yr^-1 in the tropical Atlantic (10ºS-10ºN), which compares favorably with observational estimates.

 

Key words: sea surface pCO₂, sea-air CO₂ flux, decadal variability, tropical Pacific Ocean, tropical Atlantic Ocean.

Published by: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, May 18, 2015.

Source: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014GB005031/full