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Simulation and Causes of Eastern Antarctica Surface Cooling
 Related to Ozone Depletion during Austral Summer in 
FGOALS-s2

 

YANG Jing^∗1, BAO Qing², JI Duoying³, GONG Daoyi¹, MAO Rui¹, ZHANG Ziyin⁴, and Seong-Joong KIM⁵

 

1 State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875

2 State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

3 College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875

4 Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089

5 Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-130, Korea

 

ABSTRACT

Two parallel sets of numerical experiments (an ozone-hole simulation and a non-ozone-hole simulation) were performed to investigate the effect of ozone depletion on surface temperature change using the second spectral version of the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System model (FGOALS-s2), focusing on the eastern Antarctica (EA) continent in austral summer. First, we evaluated the ability of the model to simulate the EA surface cooling, and found the model can successfully reproduce the cooling trend of the EA surface, as well as the circulation change circling the South Pole in the past 30 years. Second, we compared the two experiments and discovered that the ozone depletion causes the cooling trend and strengthens the circumpolar westerly flow. We further investigated the causes of the EA surface cooling associated with the ozone hole and found two major contributors. The first is the ozone-hole direct radiation effect (DRE) upon the surface that happens because the decrease of the downward longwave (LW) radiation overcomes the increase of the downward shortwave (SW) radiation under clear sky. The second is the cloud radiation effect (CRE) induced by ozone depletion, which happens because the decreased downward SW radiation overcomes the increased downward LW radiation in the case of increased cloud. Although the CRE is theoretically opposite to the DRE, their final net effect makes comparable contributions to the EA surface cooling. Compared with the surface radiation budget, the surface heat flux budgets have a much smaller contribution. We additionally note that the CRE is basically ascribed to the circulation change.

 

KEY WORDS: ozone depletion, eastern Antarctica surface cooling, numerical simulation

 

PUBLISHED BY: ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 2014, 31 (5): 1147-1156

 

SOURCE:  http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00376-014-3144-1